Френулумите на устната кухина – анатомични вариации, диагностични и терапевтични аспекти с клинична значимост в ортодонтията

Френулумите на устната кухина – frenulum labii superioris, frenulum labii inferioris и frenulum linguae са съединителнотъканни структури в устната кухина, чието клинично значение надхвърля стабилизиращата им функция. При патологична инсерция те могат да бъдат свързани с ортодонтски, миофункционални, говорни и пародонтални нарушения, особено в периода на смесено съзъбие. Настоящият обзор представя комплексен анализ на анатомичните вариации, диагностичните инструменти и терапевтичните протоколи, прилагани при отклонения във формата, дължината и прикрепването на френулумите. Разгледани са утвърдените класификации (Placek и кол., 1974; Rui и кол., 2019; Kotlow, 1999; Marchesan, 2005; Hazelbaker – ATLFF, 1993), както и функционалните тестове и фотографско/видеографско документиране. Обсъдени са алгоритми за поведение при диастема, гингивална рецесия и анкилоглосия, както и ролята на мултидисциплинарния екип – ортодонт, логопед, хирург и пародонтолог – при вземането на решения за интервенция. Специално внимание е отделено на избора на време и техника за френулотомия или френулектомия, включително прилагането на лазерна хирургия.

Френулумите следва да се разглеждат не просто като анатомични обекти, а като такива с прогностично и потенциално системно значение, изискващи индивидуализиран подход и синхронизирана интердисциплинарна терапия за постигане на стабилни ортодонтски и функционални резултати.

Карина Добрева
Студент IV курс
Факултет по дентална медицина
Медицински университет – Варна
бул. „Цар Освободител“ № 84
9002 Варна, България
e-mail: karina.dobreva@gmail.com

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