Mouth breathing – functional and morphological problems critical analysis of literature /review/

Craniofacial development is influenced by epigenetic, functional, and locally acting factors and forces. these disturbances are subject to investigation and management by various healthcare professionals, necessitating familiarity with contemporary diagnostic methodologies employed across specialties. mouth breathing, one of the most common detrimental oral habits in children, as results from obstructions in the upper airway. orthodontists are typically the first to identify these issues and refer patients for consultation with otolaryngologists or pediatricians. therefore, orthodontists require a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and pathological changes occurring in the lymphatic oral structures during various stages of development. radiographic diagnostic tools employed by ent specialists, such as CbCt (Cone beam Computed tomography), often overlap with those used in orthodontics. Consequently, interdisciplinary treatment teams must establish a unified approach to treatment planning, leveraging shared knowledge.

This literature review aims to summarize recent advancements in innovative techniques for detecting upper airway obstructions, which are essential for orthodontists to guide their patients effectively. additionally, it briefly outlines the connection between these techniques and orthodontic diagnostics.

Dr Emanuel Emilianov
Department of Orthodontics
Faculty of Dental medicine
Medical University – Sofia
1,“St. Georgi Sofiiski” Blvd.
Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
e-mail: emanuelemilianov@gmail.com

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